Economia
The United States, South Korea and Japan are known for inventions and innovation, but where do other countries worldwide fit in?
Bloomberg Rankings recently released the results of an examination of over 200 countries and how they compare in terms of innovation. Measured in seven factors, including research & development intensity, high-tech density, present researchers, manufacturing capabilities, levels of education and patent activity, each country was ranked on a scale of 0 to 100 percent. An average score was given for countries that had “sufficient” data for at least five of the seven categories.
R&D intensity was based on research and development as a percentage of GDP, productivity on GDP per employee and per hour worked, and high-tech density is based on the percentage of publicly-listed companies who specialize in areas including aerospace, defense, biotechnology, Internet software and renewable energy firms.
The concentration of researchers was quantified based on how many research & development staff exist for every one million people, manufacturing capabilities were measured through GDP, and patent activity on resident patent filings per million people and for every one million spent in research and development. Finally, tertiary efficiency is explained as the enrollment ration in all subjects for post-secondary students and the graduation of those who majored in science, engineering, manufacturing and construction.
Which countries came on top?
1. United States
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Para Sebastian Edwards, o mundo conseguiu evitar a "argentinização" ao longo da crise financeira. A Argentina, ao contrário, continua "argentinizando". Conseguirá o Brasil escapar desta maldição? "But the most important question is what will happen...
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Brasileira com um paper no NBER! Não sou eu mas, de qualquer forma, VIVA!!! Heterogeneous Productivity Response to Tariff Reduction: Evidence from Brazilian Manufacturing Firms Adriana Schor NBER Working Paper No. w10544 Issued in June 2004...
Economia
Os 10 países mais inovadores
What are the top ten most innovative countries?
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The United States, South Korea and Japan are known for inventions and innovation, but where do other countries worldwide fit in?
Bloomberg Rankings recently released the results of an examination of over 200 countries and how they compare in terms of innovation. Measured in seven factors, including research & development intensity, high-tech density, present researchers, manufacturing capabilities, levels of education and patent activity, each country was ranked on a scale of 0 to 100 percent. An average score was given for countries that had “sufficient” data for at least five of the seven categories.
R&D intensity was based on research and development as a percentage of GDP, productivity on GDP per employee and per hour worked, and high-tech density is based on the percentage of publicly-listed companies who specialize in areas including aerospace, defense, biotechnology, Internet software and renewable energy firms.
The concentration of researchers was quantified based on how many research & development staff exist for every one million people, manufacturing capabilities were measured through GDP, and patent activity on resident patent filings per million people and for every one million spent in research and development. Finally, tertiary efficiency is explained as the enrollment ration in all subjects for post-secondary students and the graduation of those who majored in science, engineering, manufacturing and construction.
Which countries came on top?
1. United States
- R&D intensity: 9th
- Productivity: 3rd
- High-tech density: 1st
- Researcher concentration: 10th
- Manufacturing capability: 52nd
- Tertiary efficiency: 26th
- Patent activity: 6th
- R&D intensity: 5th
- Productivity: 32nd
- High-tech density: 3rd
- Researcher concentration: 8th
- Manufacturing capability: 3rd
- Tertiary efficiency: 4th
- Patent activity: 1st
- R&D intensity: 8th
- Productivity: 7th
- High-tech density: 4th
- Researcher concentration: 17th
- Manufacturing capability: 23rd
- Tertiary efficiency: 25th
- Patent activity: 7th
- R&D intensity: 2nd
- Productivity: 14th
- High-tech density: 11th
- Researcher concentration: 1st
- Manufacturing capability: 31st
- Tertiary efficiency: 3rd
- Patent activity: 23rd
- R&D intensity: 3rd
- Productivity: 11th
- High-tech density: 6th
- Researcher concentration: 7th
- Manufacturing capability: 49th
- Tertiary efficiency: 21st
- Patent activity: 38th
- R&D intensity: 4th
- Productivity: 21st
- High-tech density: 20th
- Researcher concentration: 6th
- Manufacturing capability: 15th
- Tertiary efficiency: 27th
- Patent activity: 2nd
- R&D intensity: 11th
- Productivity: 20th
- High-tech density: 16th
- Researcher concentration: 4th
- Manufacturing capability: 10th
- Tertiary efficiency: 20th
- Patent activity: 53rd
- R&D intensity: 10th
- Productivity: 9th
- High-tech density: 14th
- Researcher concentration: 15th
- Manufacturing capability: 29th
- Tertiary efficiency: 28th
- Patent activity: 19th
- R&D intensity: 6th
- Productivity: 12th
- High-tech density: 18th
- Researcher concentration: 3rd
- Manufacturing capability: 66th
- Tertiary efficiency: 30th
- Patent activity: 20th
- R&D intensity: 14th
- Productivity: 6th
- High-tech density: 8th
- Researcher concentration: 18th
- Manufacturing capability: 73rd
- Tertiary efficiency: 12th
- Patent activity: 18th
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- Brasil - Expectativas Não Realizadas
Past and Present: Brazil’s Unfulfilled Expectations Industrial Growth and Structural Change: Brazil in a Long-Run Perspective by Dante Aldrighi ([email protected]) and Renato P. Colistete ([email protected]) Abstract: This paper...
- A Doença Latina - Falta Da Produtividade
The Economist pergunta: "... Productivity growth—gains in the efficiency with which capital, labour and technology are used in an economy—is the elusive holy grail of economic development. It is true that most Latin American countries have...
- Progresso Tecnologico
Como aprendemos, o cescimento econômico, aumento da renda por capita, depende da taxa do progresso tecnologico. Porèm, não é fácil obter progresso tecnológico: "... 99.8% fail. Only 3,000 patents out of 1.5 million patents are commercially viable....
- Conseguirá O Brasil Evitar Sua Argentinização?
Para Sebastian Edwards, o mundo conseguiu evitar a "argentinização" ao longo da crise financeira. A Argentina, ao contrário, continua "argentinizando". Conseguirá o Brasil escapar desta maldição? "But the most important question is what will happen...
-
Brasileira com um paper no NBER! Não sou eu mas, de qualquer forma, VIVA!!! Heterogeneous Productivity Response to Tariff Reduction: Evidence from Brazilian Manufacturing Firms Adriana Schor NBER Working Paper No. w10544 Issued in June 2004...