Economia
Faleceu ontem Elinor Ostrom, Nobel em Economia em 2009. Sua grande contribuição foi mostrar que arranjos alternativos a mercados e governos para resolver o problema da "tragédia dos comuns" são possíveis e desejáveis. Tais arranjos dizem respeito a auto-organização de grupos com o estabelecimento de regras de acesso. Como ela mesmo explica em Governing the Commons:
"The term “common-pool resource” refers to a natural or man-made resource system that is sufficiently large as to make it costly (but not impossible) to exclude potential beneficiaries from obtaining benefits from its use.
Instead of presuming that the individuals sharing a commons are inevitably caught in a trap from which they cannot escape, I argue that the capacity of individuals to extricate themselves from various types of dilemma situations varies from situation to situation. The cases to be discussed in this book illustrate both successful and unsuccessful efforts to escape tragic outcomes.
Institutions are rarely either private or public -- "the market" or "the state." Many successful CPR intitutions are rich mixtures of "private-like" and "public-like" institutions defying classification in a sterile dichotomy. By "successful," I mean institutions that enable individuals to achieve productive outcomes in situations where temptations to free-ride and shirk are ever present. A competitive market -- the epitome of private institutions -- is itself a public good."
Para conhecer melhor o trabalho de Elinor Ostrom, recomendo os seguintes links: Paul Romer, Vernon Smith e Alex Tabarrok.
P.S. O site da Indiana University em sua homenagem é referência obrigatória.
- O Conceito De "capitalismo"
“Free Markets” Are Not “Capitalism” The word “capitalism” was coined by the socialists, often used as a pejorative, and has historically described a system of state-granted privilege and plutocracy. This is the definition to which most...
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Featuring William Easterly, Professor of Economics, New York University, with comments by Arvind Subramanian, Senior Fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics. Moderator Ian Vásquez, Cato Institute. Recorded on Tuesday, March 18, 2008 ...
- Cultura E Falhas De Governo
Bom artigo do Cláudio Shikida, Ari Francisco e Pedro Sant'Anna no Cato Journal: "There are many studies on the relationship between economic development and institutions. Institutions can be classified as formal or informal. This article emphasizes...
- Preferências Por Regulação Ambiental
Para resolver o problema da tragédia dos comuns, Pigou e Coase mostraram que é melhor definir direitos de propriedade e permitir trocas do que alocar recursos com a técnica de governo conhecida por comando-e-controle, como escreve Robert Stavins, na...
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Faça o que eu falo, não faça o que eu faço ou "Por que alguns acadêmicos são hipócritas" Um artigo bacana, do Don Bodreaux e do Eric Crampton, sobre questões como esta (em formato PDF). Trechos: For much the same reason that political decision...
Economia
Elinor Ostrom
Faleceu ontem Elinor Ostrom, Nobel em Economia em 2009. Sua grande contribuição foi mostrar que arranjos alternativos a mercados e governos para resolver o problema da "tragédia dos comuns" são possíveis e desejáveis. Tais arranjos dizem respeito a auto-organização de grupos com o estabelecimento de regras de acesso. Como ela mesmo explica em Governing the Commons:
"The term “common-pool resource” refers to a natural or man-made resource system that is sufficiently large as to make it costly (but not impossible) to exclude potential beneficiaries from obtaining benefits from its use.
Instead of presuming that the individuals sharing a commons are inevitably caught in a trap from which they cannot escape, I argue that the capacity of individuals to extricate themselves from various types of dilemma situations varies from situation to situation. The cases to be discussed in this book illustrate both successful and unsuccessful efforts to escape tragic outcomes.
Institutions are rarely either private or public -- "the market" or "the state." Many successful CPR intitutions are rich mixtures of "private-like" and "public-like" institutions defying classification in a sterile dichotomy. By "successful," I mean institutions that enable individuals to achieve productive outcomes in situations where temptations to free-ride and shirk are ever present. A competitive market -- the epitome of private institutions -- is itself a public good."
Para conhecer melhor o trabalho de Elinor Ostrom, recomendo os seguintes links: Paul Romer, Vernon Smith e Alex Tabarrok.
P.S. O site da Indiana University em sua homenagem é referência obrigatória.
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- O Conceito De "capitalismo"
“Free Markets” Are Not “Capitalism” The word “capitalism” was coined by the socialists, often used as a pejorative, and has historically described a system of state-granted privilege and plutocracy. This is the definition to which most...
- Desenvolvimento Econômico - Palestra De Easterly
Featuring William Easterly, Professor of Economics, New York University, with comments by Arvind Subramanian, Senior Fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics. Moderator Ian Vásquez, Cato Institute. Recorded on Tuesday, March 18, 2008 ...
- Cultura E Falhas De Governo
Bom artigo do Cláudio Shikida, Ari Francisco e Pedro Sant'Anna no Cato Journal: "There are many studies on the relationship between economic development and institutions. Institutions can be classified as formal or informal. This article emphasizes...
- Preferências Por Regulação Ambiental
Para resolver o problema da tragédia dos comuns, Pigou e Coase mostraram que é melhor definir direitos de propriedade e permitir trocas do que alocar recursos com a técnica de governo conhecida por comando-e-controle, como escreve Robert Stavins, na...
-
Faça o que eu falo, não faça o que eu faço ou "Por que alguns acadêmicos são hipócritas" Um artigo bacana, do Don Bodreaux e do Eric Crampton, sobre questões como esta (em formato PDF). Trechos: For much the same reason that political decision...